Reading
and Language Arts
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Composition
Before handwriting has been mastered,
children compose sentences, stories, and poetry through oral dictation
to adults and with the use of the moveable alphabet. They continue
to develop over the years at increasing levels of complexity.
1. Preparing written answers to simple
questions
2. Composing stories to follow a picture series
3. Beginning to write stories or poems on given simple themes
4. Preparing written descriptions of science experiments
5. Preparing written reports
6. Learning how to write letters
At age 9, research skills and the
preparation of reports become major components of the educational
program. Students research areas of interest on topics that have
been assigned in depth, and prepare both formal and informal written
and oral reports. Expository and creative composition skills continue
to develop as the children advance from level to level. Students
are asked to write on a daily basis, composing short stories,
poems, plays, reports, and news articles.
Spelling
Students begin learning to spell
using the moveable alphabet to sound out and spell words as they
are first learning to read. They take dictation of spelling words
as a daily exercise.
1. Learning to sound out and spell
simple phonetic words
2. Learning to recognize and spell words involving phonograms
3. Developing a first "personal" dictionary of words
that they can now spell
4. Learning to recognize and spell the "puzzle words"
of English: words that are non-phonetic and are not spelled as
they sound
5. Studying words: involving compound words, contractions, singular-plural,
masculine-feminine words, prefixes, suffixes, synonyms, antonyms,
homonyms
Grammar
After the student is able to read
he is introduced to grammar. During the sensitive period the child
is spontaneously interested in language. It continues over several
years until mastered.
Students are introduced to the function
of the parts of speech one at a time through many games and exercises.
Montessori has assigned a geometric symbol to represent each element
of grammar. After the concrete symbols for the parts of speech
are mastered, they perform more advanced exercises for several
years with grammar boxes set up to allow them to analyze sentences
by their parts of speech.
Sentence analysis is composed of
simple and compound sentences, clauses, verb voices, and logical
analysis of all sorts of sentences are studied using many different
concrete materials and exercises. Students continue their study
of language from the mid-elementary years through middle school.
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