Reading and Language Arts

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Composition

Before handwriting has been mastered, children compose sentences, stories, and poetry through oral dictation to adults and with the use of the moveable alphabet. They continue to develop over the years at increasing levels of complexity.

1. Preparing written answers to simple questions
2. Composing stories to follow a picture series
3. Beginning to write stories or poems on given simple themes
4. Preparing written descriptions of science experiments
5. Preparing written reports
6. Learning how to write letters

At age 9, research skills and the preparation of reports become major components of the educational program. Students research areas of interest on topics that have been assigned in depth, and prepare both formal and informal written and oral reports. Expository and creative composition skills continue to develop as the children advance from level to level. Students are asked to write on a daily basis, composing short stories, poems, plays, reports, and news articles.


Spelling

Students begin learning to spell using the moveable alphabet to sound out and spell words as they are first learning to read. They take dictation of spelling words as a daily exercise.

1. Learning to sound out and spell simple phonetic words
2. Learning to recognize and spell words involving phonograms
3. Developing a first "personal" dictionary of words that they can now spell
4. Learning to recognize and spell the "puzzle words" of English: words that are non-phonetic and are not spelled as they sound
5. Studying words: involving compound words, contractions, singular-plural, masculine-feminine words, prefixes, suffixes, synonyms, antonyms, homonyms


Grammar

After the student is able to read he is introduced to grammar. During the sensitive period the child is spontaneously interested in language. It continues over several years until mastered.

Students are introduced to the function of the parts of speech one at a time through many games and exercises. Montessori has assigned a geometric symbol to represent each element of grammar. After the concrete symbols for the parts of speech are mastered, they perform more advanced exercises for several years with grammar boxes set up to allow them to analyze sentences by their parts of speech.

Sentence analysis is composed of simple and compound sentences, clauses, verb voices, and logical analysis of all sorts of sentences are studied using many different concrete materials and exercises. Students continue their study of language from the mid-elementary years through middle school.

 

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